As Russia holds a presidential election, some of the most reliable information on the country is being reported from beyond its borders. After launching its full-scale invasion of Ukraine just over two years ago, the Kremlin launched a media crackdown so severe that independent journalists were forced to either stop working or flee the country.

The UN's rapporteur for freedom of expression has also described the so-called "red-tagging" of government critics and called for the abolition of an anti-communism task force.

After a case of year-long surveillance of Ukrainian journalists was uncovered, experts warn of systemic pressure on the media. President Zelenskyy has called upon law enforcement agencies to identify those responsible.

Amnesty International has found evidence of journalists in India being targeted with Pegasus spyware. The discovery comes amid what the rights group claims is a "targeted crackdown on freedom of expression."

Reporting in Gaza has been severely restricted under intense Israeli bombardment, with repeated communications blackouts and a lack of food, fuel and housing, said CPJ, adding that foreign journalists have not been able to independently access the strip for most of the war.

In India, a lack of guidelines and a gap in the law authorizing the search and confiscation of media professionals' personal digital devices in India has sparked a fierce debate.

To mark the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists, we take you to India, where press freedom is increasingly under threat.

Two journalists who reported on the death of Jina Mahsa Amini last year have been sentenced to long prison terms. Now another young woman is in a coma following a confrontation with the morality police.

Another independent news outlet has been targeted by police in India after reports of illegal funding. Journalists said their homes were raided and devices seized.

A young cartoonist from the Philippines told of how he uses his pen to fight against injustice in his country. Zach draws cartoons to show the oppression that journalists face as the government continues to clamp down on media freedom. Human Rights Watch says little has changed in the Philippines since the election of President Ferdinand Marcos Junior last year. The Southeast Asian nation continue to witness killings and other violence amid intense political pressure. Zach joined us for Perspective.

India's 300 million Dalits are largely unrepresented in mainstream media. However, Dalit journalists are changing that with news platforms dedicated to telling their stories.

In Tunisia, journalists protest against anti-terror laws used to jail journalists. Also, gay rights activists in Namibia welcome a ruling recognising foreign same-sex marriages, although such unions are still forbidden in the country. And Morocco celebrates its ancestral sport of "sand hockey", known locally as "mokhacha".